- Quote
- Summarise direction I have decided to research (Social responsibility and the portrayal of the female gender within art)
- Why?
Para 1: John Berger
- Reference "Ways Of Seeing"
- Naked vs. Nude (FIND QUOTE)
- “Surveyor” and the “Surveyed” - ‘You painted a naked woman because you enjoyed looking at her, put a mirror in her hand and you called the painting “Vanity.”'
- Male Gaze - “A woman must continually watch herself” (women as objects of desire)
- “Men Act, Women Appear”
- So, men made images for other men, these images showed objects of desire – women.
Para 2: Laura Mulvey
- "active/male and passive/female"
- "In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness."
- "The presence of a woman is an indispensable element of spectacle in normal narrative film, yet her visual presence tends to work against the development of the story line, tor freeze the flow of action in moments of erotic contemplation."
- Rear Window (film)
- Laura Mulvey published an essay about women in classical Hollywood cinema and said that “the camera is used as a tool of voyeurism and sadism, disempowering those before its gaze” - more relevant link to classical art
Para 3: Erving Goffman
Para 4: Sturken and Cartwright
- discusses gaze on a broader level, will be using quotes about male gaze only
- Spectatorship
- theory of ‘idealised viewer’ (target audience)
Is the male gaze still relevant today? Men also take part in objectifying themselves, however it is a choice rather than something which is assumed of them
Extra: Daniel Chandler
- Chandler continues this conversation in the essay "Notes On the Gaze"
- The camera and the gaze
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